Computers are tools used to process data in accordance with procedures that have been formulated. The word computer was originally used to describe people whose jobs do arithmetic calculations, with or without the tools, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself. Origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic equipment that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce a program based on information and data available. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse, and Printer. Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but the extent has not been seen on screen in print form.
In this definition that there are tools such as slide rule, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense as "computer" is "that process information" or "information-processing system."
Today, computers are becoming more sophisticated. However, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are 5 generations of computer history.
1. First Generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, is typical of the first generation of computers. At first, vacuum flask (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass, so many have drawbacks, such as fragile, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serve as a coolant.
And with the additional components, existing computer eventually becomes large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the electronic computer in the world that the ENIAC was finished first. On the computer there are 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the extent that requires a separate classroom.
In the images appear ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer which has a weight weighing 30 tons, a length of 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power.
2. Secon Generation (1960-1964)
Transistors are characteristic of second generation computers. Raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor stands for Transfer Resistor, meaning by influencing durability between two of the three layers, the power (resistor) which is the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the transistor function is as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, transistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not distribute heat. And thus, there are computers become smaller and cheaper.
In 1960, IBM introduced the use of commercial computer transistors and used widely began circulating in the market. IBM 7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial computer that uses transistors. The computer is designed to solve all sorts of jobs that are either scientific or commercial. Because of its speed and ability, causing IBM 7090 became very popular. The second generation of computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable of the transistor, eventually spurring people to continue to conduct research. Thousands transistor finally combined in a very small form. Yag silicium piece a few millimeters in size had been created, and this is referred to as the integrated circuit or IC-Chip which is the hallmark of the third generation computers. The magnetic ring may be the magnetization in one direction or the opposite, and finally had sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system which is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 ring of magnetic memory, each of which represents one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently in the first single chip with a very small form.
Computer used for automation first introduced in 1968 by the PDC 808, which has a 4 KB (kilo-Byte) memory and 8 bits for memory cores.
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
Microprocessor is typical CHIRI fourth generation computers that are thousands IC compaction into a Chip. Because of the smaller shape and the increasing capabilities and the price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the birth of the personal computer.
In 1971, Intel Corp later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer, developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with entering microprocessor circuit board in a computer. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with a Motorola 68000 processor type and the Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Apple II computers that use e-6502R processor type and a 64 Mb Ram, also a very popular PC at the time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80's.
IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about 1981, using the MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer, in addition to the technology is much better and bigger than IBM's own name, then in a very short time, the computer has become very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (Current - Future)
This generation is characterized by the emergence of: LSI (Large Scale Integration), which is compacting thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the emergence of the microprocessor and semi-conductor. Companies that make micro-processors include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog, and others. In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, possessed the ability and speed of Pentium-4 also increased to 2 Ghz. The pictures were shown to be more refined and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving picture also becomes faster.
Pentium-4 manufactured using micron 0:18. With the smaller form resulting power, current and voltage heat released also getting smaller. With a faster processor cooler, can produce a higher MHz speed. Owned speed is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations.
Packard Bell IXTREME 4140i is one of the PC computer that has been used as a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB RDRAM memory, a 40 GB hard drive (1.5 GB is used for recovery), and the GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB memory. HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with speed to 1.4 GHz. PC Pentium-4 Hewllett-Packard is dating with the dominant color of black and gray. Compared to other PC, the Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM Memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with a monitor at 17 inches.
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Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic equipment that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce a program based on information and data available. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse, and Printer. Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but the extent has not been seen on screen in print form.
In this definition that there are tools such as slide rule, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense as "computer" is "that process information" or "information-processing system."
Today, computers are becoming more sophisticated. However, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are 5 generations of computer history.
1. First Generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, is typical of the first generation of computers. At first, vacuum flask (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass, so many have drawbacks, such as fragile, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serve as a coolant.
And with the additional components, existing computer eventually becomes large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the electronic computer in the world that the ENIAC was finished first. On the computer there are 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the extent that requires a separate classroom.
In the images appear ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer which has a weight weighing 30 tons, a length of 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power.
2. Secon Generation (1960-1964)
Transistors are characteristic of second generation computers. Raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor stands for Transfer Resistor, meaning by influencing durability between two of the three layers, the power (resistor) which is the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the transistor function is as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, transistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not distribute heat. And thus, there are computers become smaller and cheaper.
In 1960, IBM introduced the use of commercial computer transistors and used widely began circulating in the market. IBM 7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial computer that uses transistors. The computer is designed to solve all sorts of jobs that are either scientific or commercial. Because of its speed and ability, causing IBM 7090 became very popular. The second generation of computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable of the transistor, eventually spurring people to continue to conduct research. Thousands transistor finally combined in a very small form. Yag silicium piece a few millimeters in size had been created, and this is referred to as the integrated circuit or IC-Chip which is the hallmark of the third generation computers. The magnetic ring may be the magnetization in one direction or the opposite, and finally had sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system which is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 ring of magnetic memory, each of which represents one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently in the first single chip with a very small form.Computer used for automation first introduced in 1968 by the PDC 808, which has a 4 KB (kilo-Byte) memory and 8 bits for memory cores.
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
Microprocessor is typical CHIRI fourth generation computers that are thousands IC compaction into a Chip. Because of the smaller shape and the increasing capabilities and the price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the birth of the personal computer.In 1971, Intel Corp later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer, developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with entering microprocessor circuit board in a computer. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with a Motorola 68000 processor type and the Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Apple II computers that use e-6502R processor type and a 64 Mb Ram, also a very popular PC at the time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80's.
IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about 1981, using the MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer, in addition to the technology is much better and bigger than IBM's own name, then in a very short time, the computer has become very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (Current - Future)
This generation is characterized by the emergence of: LSI (Large Scale Integration), which is compacting thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the emergence of the microprocessor and semi-conductor. Companies that make micro-processors include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog, and others. In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, possessed the ability and speed of Pentium-4 also increased to 2 Ghz. The pictures were shown to be more refined and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving picture also becomes faster.Pentium-4 manufactured using micron 0:18. With the smaller form resulting power, current and voltage heat released also getting smaller. With a faster processor cooler, can produce a higher MHz speed. Owned speed is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations.
Packard Bell IXTREME 4140i is one of the PC computer that has been used as a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB RDRAM memory, a 40 GB hard drive (1.5 GB is used for recovery), and the GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB memory. HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with speed to 1.4 GHz. PC Pentium-4 Hewllett-Packard is dating with the dominant color of black and gray. Compared to other PC, the Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM Memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with a monitor at 17 inches.
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